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Barriers to Progress

The poor educational opportunities in the West Grove and lack of economic progress created a multitude of obstacles for inhabitants of the West Grove.

The image to the right is a photo of the first schoolhouse in the Grove, and was the only public school up until 1894. Notably, all the children in the photo are white.

Educational Barriers

The Supreme Court decision Plessy v. Ferguson (May 18, 1896) allowed for the segregation of public schools, claiming the facilities could be seperated as long as they were equal. The Brown v. Board of Ed case refuted this argument by stating that separate is inherently unequal, and in addition to this the facilities were also physically unequal. The amount of funds allocated to segregated black schools in the West Grove to address needs of lower income students for vocational-technical programs, and for proper guidance counselors. Qualified black employees in these public schools were also held back to lower administrative positions and teaching in elementary schools, which translates to lack of qualified employees in high schools. This has the effect of a substandard education for the students. A poor education results in lack of job opportunity and high unemployment rates, as evidenced by the unemployment rate taken from a 2007 - 2011 report of 15.2%, and the amount of the population in poverty being 1,179. The dropout rate for highschoolers in the West Grove today is as high as 28%, and this is evidence of a cycle of poor education that continues to plague the residents of the West Grove.

Economic and Cultural Barriers

The West Grove is has one of the lowest average incomes in Miami as a neighborhood, within some areas an average income of 26,000. Compared to a few streets over, the White Grove has an average income of over 250,000 dollars and an average property value of at least 1,000,000 dollars. In 1990, the City of Miami created a report on the low-income neighborhoods. In the West Grove, 70% of children were below the poverty level, 39% of residents earned less than ten-thousand dollars a year, and 64% of residents had not continued their education after high school (with 30% having dropped out). While the White section of the has flourished since the West Grove has missed out on much of the economic boom that has been seen. A large cause of this was the large increase in crime and drugs brought out by the increase of the drug trade going through South Florida. Thus, many visitors to the Grove have been reluctant in visiting the businesses in the West Grove. There has also been a culture clash between both sections of the Grove. The West Grove has often tried to keep its Bahamian identity, but the East Grove has not always been as proud of the Grove's roots. When the local Goombay festival attempted to expand into the "wealthier part of the Grove" it faced a large opposition from whites. This culture clash is very prevalent in the push to gentrify the West Grove while many residents have opposed this and instead wanted their economy to prosper and not be pushed out of the neighborhood.

Sources Cited

Information Cited:

 

“Confronting Racial Isolation in Miami.” United States Commission on Civil Rights. June 1982. http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED217116.pdf.

 

Cruz, Robert D., and Robert Hesler. "Socio-Economic Conditions in Miami's Targeted Urban Areas." Miami Dade Gov. 2007 - 2011. https://www.miamidade.gov/business/library/reports/2013-socioeconomic-profile-tua.pdf

 

“First Coconut Grove Schoolhouse.” The City of Miami Planning Department. December 6, 1982. http://www.historicpreservationmiami.com/pdfs/First%20Coconut%20Grove%20Schoolhouse.pdf

Photos Cited:

 

"First Coconut Grove Schoolhouse." Historic Preservation Miami. Accessed May 12, 2016. http://www.historicpreservationmiami.com/cocoschool.html.

 

City of Miami Planning, Building and Zoning Department, “1990 % Persons Below Poverty Level: Coconut Grove.”

 

Herald Staff Writer, Geoffrey Tomb. "DIVIDED LAND," Miami Herald, The (FL), June 06, 1993: 1B, accessed November 04, 2015,http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/news/0EB4CD83C3E84E11?p=AWNB.

 

"Miami, Florida (FL) Income Map, Earnings Map, and Wages Data." City-data.com. Accessed December 7, 2015. http://www.city-data.com/income/income-Miami-Florida.html.

 

 

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